Idioma inglés
Gramática inglesa desde lo básico hasta el uso avanzado, con soluciones y volúmenes de vocabulario.
Answer Key
Where several answers are possible, the most natural one is given first; acceptable alternatives follow in parentheses.
Leer artículo →Glossary of Grammatical Terms
An optional element adding circumstantial information (time, place, manner): She resigned last week. Matching of grammatical features, chiefly subject and verb in number and person. Reference back to something already me
Leer artículo →Irregular Verbs
The list below covers the irregular verbs an advanced learner needs. Verbs marked B have a common regular alternative in British English (learned/learnt, dreamed/dreamt); A marks distinctively American forms (gotten, dov
Leer artículo →Nouns, Articles, and Plurals
Nouns name people, places, things, and ideas: teacher, city, water, happiness. Almost every English sentence is built around nouns, so we begin here.
Leer artículo →Pronouns and Determiners
Pronouns stand in for nouns so that we do not have to repeat them: Maria lost her keys, but she found them later. Determiners (this, some, every, my …) come before nouns and specify which or how many.
Leer artículo →Be, Have, and the Present Tenses
Be is the most irregular — and most important — verb in English.
Leer artículo →The Past Simple and Talking About the Future
Regular verbs add -ed: work worked, play played. Spelling: stop stopped (double the consonant), study studied (-y -ied), live lived (just -d). Irregular verbs must be learned individually — see Appendix : go went, see sa
Leer artículo →Adjectives, Adverbs, and Prepositions
Adjectives describe nouns. In English they are invariable — no agreement for number or gender: a tall man, tall women, a tall building.
Leer artículo →Questions, Negatives, and Sentence Patterns
English relies on word order to show who does what. The core pattern is subject–verb–object (SVO)
Leer artículo →The Tense–Aspect System: Perfect and Progressive
English combines two tenses (past, present) and two aspects (progressive, perfect) into a rich system. This chapter completes the picture begun in Chapters and , focusing on the perfect forms that give learners the most
Leer artículo →Modal Verbs
The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, plus the semi-modals ought to, need, dare, used to and phrasal alternatives (have to, be able to, be allowed to, be supposed to).
Leer artículo →Conditionals and Wishes
Conditional sentences link a condition (if-clause) to a result (main clause). English distinguishes real from unreal conditions by shifting the tenses “one step back”.
Leer artículo →The Passive Voice
In an active sentence the subject acts; in a passive sentence the subject is acted upon: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Leer artículo →Gerunds, Infinitives, and Verb Patterns
When one verb follows another, English forces a choice: enjoy doing, decide to do, let someone do. These patterns must largely be memorized, but there are useful regularities.
Leer artículo →Relative Clauses
Relative clauses let us pack information about a noun into the same sentence: The woman who lives next door is a surgeon.
Leer artículo →Reported Speech
Reported (indirect) speech relays what someone said without quoting the exact words: “I'm tired,” she said She said (that) she was tired.
Leer artículo →Comparison, Quantifiers, and Articles Revisited
This chapter deepens three areas introduced at beginner level: comparison structures, quantifier subtleties, and the article system at intermediate level.
Leer artículo →Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Verbs
A phrasal verb is a verb plus one or two particles whose combined meaning is often not predictable from the parts: give up (= quit), put off (= postpone), run into (= meet by chance). They dominate informal English; mast
Leer artículo →Advanced Tense and Aspect
At advanced level, tense choice becomes a matter of perspective and rhetoric, not just rules. This chapter examines the subtler corners of the system.
Leer artículo →Advanced Conditionals and the Subjunctive
Real reasoning often crosses time zones: a past cause with a present result, or a present cause with a past result. Mix the halves of the second and third conditionals accordingly.
Leer artículo →Inversion, Fronting, and Cleft Sentences
English word order is rigid — which is exactly why deliberate departures from it carry so much emphasis. This chapter covers the three main emphasis-shifting devices.
Leer artículo →Participle, Absolute, and Reduced Clauses
Participle clauses compress full clauses into elegant phrases — the signature of mature written English. Because she felt tired, she went home early Feeling tired, she went home early.
Leer artículo →Nominalization, Ellipsis, and Substitution
Nominalization turns verbs and adjectives into nouns: decide decision, grow growth, accurate accuracy, fail failure. It is the engine of abstract, academic prose.
Leer artículo →Discourse Markers and Cohesion
Grammar does not stop at the sentence boundary. Cohesion is the grammar of texts: the devices that bind sentences into paragraphs and paragraphs into arguments.
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