🧮 Calculator Project Part I Capstone

📘 Project Overview

This calculator project demonstrates all concepts learned in Part I of the C++ curriculum: - User-defined classes and objects - Exception handling - STL containers and algorithms - Basic threading concepts - Clean, modular code structure

🎯 Learning Objectives

After completing this project, you will: - Apply object-oriented programming principles - Implement robust error handling with exceptions - Use STL containers for data management - Implement basic threading for complex calculations - Design clean, maintainable code architecture

🏗️ Project Architecture

Core Classes

1. Calculator: Main calculator class with basic operations
2. Operation: Base class for all operations
3. ArithmeticOperation: Handles basic arithmetic
4. ScientificOperation: Handles scientific calculations
5. OperationHistory: Manages calculation history
6. CalculatorException: Custom exception class

Features

• Basic Operations: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
• Scientific Operations: Square root, power, logarithm, trigonometric functions
• History Management: Store and retrieve calculation history
• Error Handling: Comprehensive exception handling
• Threading: Background calculation for complex operations
• Memory Management: RAII principles throughout

🧩 Implementation Requirements

1. Exception Handling

• Custom exception classes
• Input validation
• Division by zero protection
• Overflow/underflow detection

2. STL Usage

• std::vector for operation history
• std::string for input/output
• std::map for operation lookup
• std::thread for background calculations

3. Class Design

• Proper encapsulation
• Constructor/destructor implementation
• Operator overloading where appropriate
• Const correctness

4. Threading

• Background calculation for expensive operations
• Thread-safe history management
• Proper thread cleanup

💻 Code Structure

Calculator_Project/
├── README.md
├── calculator.h
├── calculator.cpp
├── operation.h
├── operation.cpp
├── operation_history.h
├── operation_history.cpp
├── calculator_exception.h
├── calculator_exception.cpp
├── main.cpp
├── Makefile
└── tests/
    ├── test_calculator.cpp
    └── test_operations.cpp

🚀 Getting Started

1. Compile the project: bash make

2. Run the calculator: bash ./calculator

3. Run tests: bash make test

🎮 Usage Examples

Basic Operations

Enter expression: 2 + 3
Result: 5

Enter expression: 10 / 2
Result: 5

Enter expression: sqrt(16)
Result: 4

History Management

Command: history
1. 2 + 3 = 5
2. 10 / 2 = 5
3. sqrt(16) = 4

Command: clear
History cleared.

Error Handling

Enter expression: 5 / 0
Error: Division by zero

Enter expression: sqrt(-4)
Error: Square root of negative number

🧪 Testing

The project includes comprehensive tests for: - Basic arithmetic operations - Scientific operations - Error handling - History management - Threading functionality

📚 Key Learning Points

1. RAII: Resource management through object lifetime
2. Exception Safety: Proper error handling without resource leaks
3. STL Integration: Effective use of standard containers and algorithms
4. Thread Safety: Proper synchronization and thread management
5. Code Organization: Clean separation of concerns

🔗 Next Steps

After completing this project, you'll be ready for Part II of the curriculum, which covers advanced language features, memory management, and more complex programming patterns.

🏆 Success Criteria

• [ ] All basic operations work correctly
• [ ] Scientific operations function properly
• [ ] Exception handling works for all error cases
• [ ] History management is thread-safe
• [ ] Code follows C++ best practices
• [ ] All tests pass
• [ ] Memory management is correct (no leaks)